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MAMMALS SOUND GALLERY

Order Rodents (Rodentia)
	Pallid gerbil Gerbillus perpallidus The calls of a defending male during the encounter with a conspecific male
	Great gerbil Rhombomys opimus The calls of a defending male during the encounter with a conspecific male Alarm calls, accompanied with a podophony (paw strikes on the ground)
	Persian gerbil Meriones persicus A series of the paw strikes on the ground, representing the non-voice alarm signal
	Speckled ground squirrel *Spermophilus suslicus* The alarm calls If to approach a speckled ground squirrel too close, one can hear the threatening chirr The angry grunting and alarm calls The vocal repertoire: alarm call, scream, chatter, grunt, rapid grunt, snarl, chirr and pant The adult animal sitting in a transport cage is calling toward a human
	European ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus The vocal repertoire: alarm call, scream, chatter, grunt, rapid grunt, snarl, chirr and pant The adult animal calling through the widely opened mouth without audible sounds, as well as produce typical alarm calls. We can expect to find ultrasound alarms All data for European ground squirrel was collected by Irena Schneiderova, photo by Jan Mateju.
	Yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus The alarm calls A dramatic scream of the yellow ground squirrel, taken from the burrow The threatening chirr The vocal repertoire: alarm call, scream, grunt, snarl, chirr and pant The juvenile yellow ground squirrel producing a few clusters of alarm calls toward a human. Black “collar” is a dye mark
	Little ground squirrel Spermophilus pygmaeus The alarm calls The calls of a hand-held adult animal
	Chinchilla Chinchilla laniger The anxiety calls of an adult animal
	Guinea-pig Cavia aperea The non-interrupting purling in a large group of animals
Order Insectivores (Insectivora)
photo by Olga Ilchenko.	Piebald shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum A series of screech-calls, produced by an adult female piebald shrew, disturbed by a human Loud squeaks of an adult piebald shrew At arousal, adult piebald shrews produce calls, intermediate between squeaks and screeches Squeaks produced by a one-day-old pup, taken out of the nest Squeaks of two-week-old pups sound much louder and are much more variable Screeches occur already in three-day-old pups, but these calls are still very distinctive from the adult ones Blind four-days-old pups produce soft clicks in the human hearing range Piebald shrews are capable of vibration by the whole body, as mobile cell telephones. The drum membrane enforces the vibration sounds and allows to hear them Distinctive to many other shrews, the piebald shrew can dig very well
Order Pinnipeds (Pinnipedia)
	Steller’s sea lion Eumetopias jubatus A young male is calling when communicates with a human trainer The roars of an adult male Steller’s sea lion (animals of this species also bear the name the northern sea lions) The Steller's sea lions can call when swimming, don't putting out of water
	Californian sea lion Zalophus californianus A sequence of loud male calls when courting a female The active interactions between a male and a female are accompanied by the loud male calls
Order Tylopodes (Tylopoda)
	Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus The high-frequency whistles of a male toward a human; closing the nostrils during a call is visible The gurgles of a male at the beginning of rutting period, who is complained by close appearance of humans and is trying to stay between the humans and the harem females The spit with saliva through the nostrils of a male; an aggressive display occurring during the rutting period
	Vicugna Vicugna vicugna The anxiety call of an animal, noticed a big dog (Record by E.N. Neprintzeva)

Order Perissodactyles (Perissodactyla)
	Przewalski's wild horse Equus prjewalski The stallion neighing The cries of foals, playing in a herd
	Kiang Equus kiang Male call The prolonged female calls and short acute male calls when courting during a breeding period Male snorting
	Lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris In spite of their large sizes, tapirs call at very high frequency During the calling, a female tapir bents her long proboscidean nose, but the sound output occurs through the open mouth
Order Monotremates (Monotremata)
	New Guinea long-nosed echidna Zaglossus bruijni The hisses of a displeased male
Order Artiodactyl (Artiodactyla)
	Red deer Cervus elaphus In red deer, calls differ strongly between subspecies This large old stag of Norvegian subspecies (C. e. elaphus) is already so lazy that even does not want to stand up, and produces its rutting roars when lying under the tree This stag of Middle-European subspecies (C. e. hippelaphus) has no competitors during the rut, but nevertheless he roar and chases hinds actively, considering zoo visitors his rivals Bugles of Canadian wapiti (C. e. canadensis) stag sound similarly to car sirens and radiate far over the zoo during the rut Roars of Spanish red deer stags (C.e. hispanicus) sound higher by ear compared to males of other European subspecies of red, but still much lower than the siren-like bugles of Canadian wapiti Bugles of Lesser wapiti stag (C. e. nannodes) are very hoarse compared to the large Canadian wapiti Siberian wapiti (C.e. sibiricus) is closely related to the Canadian wapiti; probably this is the reason because their rutting bugles are so similar Canadian wapiti hind (C. e. canadensis) is calling her high-pitched calls at arousal evoked by rutting bugles of a male in neighboring enclosure and anticipation of feeding A few hinds of Spanish red deer (C.e. hispanicus) are emitting their rather low-pitched compared to wapiti hinds' calls when wishing to rejoin with their calves separated temporally in the neighboring enclosure A natural bout of three rutting calls of an Spanishred deer (C.e. hispanicus) stag with source-filter coupling in third call. At the moment of transition from normal phonation to source-filter coupling mode the roaring sound turns to siren-like sound. Calls of the Lesser wapiti hinds (C. e. nannodes) are dissonant, consistently to the hoarse sounding stags of this subspecies A hind of Siberian wapiti (C.e. sibiricus) is walking to and fro in enclosure and call loudly a series of high-pitched calls, anticipating the feeding Roars of a stag of Norvegian subspecies (C. e. elaphus) during the rut; it is well-visible how the larynx is descending throughout a call, to lower the perceived voice pitch and to exaggerate the apparent body size of the stag A stag of Middle-European subspecies (C. e. hippelaphus) roars very actively during the rut The male wapiti (C. e. canadensis) is so aggressive during the rut, that his antlers are sawed out to prevent wounding his own hinds and calves, when he chases them A relatively small stag of Lesser wapiti (C. e. nannodes) should compete vocally during the rut with a very large Canadian wapiti in neighboring enclosure, but he makes it successfully
	Saiga Saiga tatarica The loud nasal roars of a harem male during the rut The moo calls and snorting of two young males The quiet mooing of a female The prolonged grunting sounds of a female The calls of a calf The loud nasal roars of a harem male. In the wild, these calls are directed toward male rivals, in captivity – to humans During the rut, a male produces the loud nasal roars through the nose, corrugating it before the calling Females also call through the nose, but much quieter, and do not tense the nose so prominently as the males do Distinctively to the adults, the small saiga calves can call both through the nose and through the mouth
	Goitred gazelle Gazella subgutturosa Nasal call of a juvenile goitred gazelle, anticipating the feeding "Musical scale," made up from nasal calls of the same male goitred gazelle, recorded repeatedly each 2 weeks along maturation from 2 tp 24 weeks of age Oral call of a juvenile goitred gazelle anticipating the feeding A series of rutting calls of a territorial male goitred gazelle, chasing a female. The series contains one roar, followed by one growl and two grunt A female goitred gazelle found the observational hide and suspected the danger, but do not escape immediately, emitting a series of alarm snorts A territorial male goitred gazelle is emitting two roars at running. It is clearly visible, how he is retracting his larynx during calls and then returns it back A territorial male goitred gazelle is stretching his neck and chases with roars an escaping female. When calling, the male retracts pronouncedly his larynx. Then he stops and emits two growls, also with the retracted larynx
	American bison Bison bison A female bison is snorting when waiting for the feeding Female bison can call through the nose
	North American mountain goat Oreamnos americanus The quiet bleating of a female
	Urial Ovis orientalis The call-over of female urials in a group; the animals are slightly aroused before the feeding
	Wild boar Sus scrofa The food soliciting from zoo visitors with quiet grunts
	Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius The calls of a male, who is just looking on a female with her pup; at the end – the harsh expiration in air over the water surface
Order Primates (Primates)
	Siamang Hylobates syndactylus The pair duet; a male starts with the quiet gurgling calls, and when they are turning into the loud singing, a female joints her voice to the duetting During a duet, a male and a female are blowing out their throat sacks and are screening a mouth with a palm when are producing the especially loud calls
	Guinea baboon Papio papio The calls of an adolescent baboon during the encounter with another adolescent animal The calls of a small baby, hend-held forcedly by an adolescent baboon The coughing calls of an adult female in response to the approaching the adult male to her The calls of two conflicting babies
	Brown-headed tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis The contact trilling calls in a group
	Red-handed tamarin Saguinus midas The calls of the red-handed tamarins are very variable. The call-over in a group The same group, another day, differing sounds The calls of four adolescent tamarins during playing The loud calls of a baby, separated from its group
	Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia The soliciting calls toward a keeper, standing in the enclosure The high-frequency whistles and trills of two adult tamarins
	Jeoffroyi marmoset Callithrix jeoffroyi The quiet trilling calls of an adult animal
	Pygmy marmoset Cebuella pygmaea The pair mates call-over with a hardly detectable short high-frequency calls The prolonged loud trilling calls of a pair
	Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata The loud calls in a group of aroused animals The loud screams during the aggressive interaction in a group
	Squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus The calls during conflicting interactions in a group The calls of an adolescent under a weak arousal during the feeding
	Bolivian saimiri Saimiri boliviensis The various calls during friendly interactions in a large group of the monkeys
	Human Homo sapiens Humans have only a limited number of nonverbal vocalizations. The laugh of children and adults, looking at monkeys The laugh appears at very early age. The laugh of a four-month-old girl The laugh of a seven-month-old girl Another nonverbal human vocalization is the whine. The whine of a three-month-old girl
Order Chiropterans (Chiroptera)
	Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus The anxiety calls in a group To make the echolocation clicks audible, we enforced them in a few tenses times, but even after that they sounds as a quiet rustle. It is because the bats call at so high frequencies, that we hardly listen them
Order Marsupials (Marsupialia)
	Darby's wallaby Macropus eugenii The Hissing calls of a young, who detached from his mother
	Sugar possum Petaurus breviceps The barking of an agitated animal Uninterrupted call at expiration and inspiration produced from the shelter at disturbance by a human.
	Striped possum Dactylopsila trivirgata The aggressive calls during the encounter between pair mates
Order Carnivores (Carnivora)
	Dhole Cuon alpinus Calls during friendly interactions in a pack Pups solicit for food from their parents Calls of a dhole, separated from a pack Calls of a pair of dholes during copulation Two neighboring pairs quarrel through the wire mesh Heart-freezing howl of a dhole pair One of zoo visitors imitates dhole squeaks High-frequency squeaks of adult dholes Dholes often call, especially when running to each other
	Timber wolf Canis lupus Howling of a pack, consisting of parents with four pups, together with a pair from a neighboring enclosure
	Coyote Canis latrans Whine of an adult pair Collective barking and howling of three subadult males
	Bushdog Speothos venaticus A call-over of two animals, running around the enclosure A series of calls of an animal who has lost contact with its pair mate Loud calls of an old female, who wants to return back to her indoor enclosure after taking a stroll Loud claiming calls toward a keeper during the feeding
	African hunting dog Lycaon pictus The high-frequency twitter and whistle of a female dog The low-frequency whines of a female Calls of a subdominant animal when competing with group members for meat Four males divide their day's meat ration into parts very emotionally
	Red fox Vulpes vulpes Aggressive calls of subadults during food sharing out The serial barking of a three-month-old female fox, isolated from its parents Foxes can use articulation to make their calls resembling talking. In reality, these vocalizations represent aggressive calls toward a human The cackle of an adult female toward a pup The eight call types, produced toward people by silver foxes: whine, moo, cackle, growl, bark, pant, snort, cough Behavioural and vocal responses of an Unselected fox toward a human. The fox do not strive to come close to the human and is press to the cage floor, when the hand touches the wire mesh over its head. Behavioural and vocal responses of an Aggressive fox toward a human. The fox shorten the distance to the human and tries to bite her. Behavioural responses of a Tame fox toward a human. The fox shorten the distance to the human, wagging its tail and rotates on its back, as a domestic dog.
	Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus The comfort purring of an adult female A cub who is closed indoor, is asking for a walk An adult male is attracting attention of a keeper A cub is alarmed by the appearance of an unfamiliar human Calls of a male courting a female Aggressive sounds of a cheetah: the howl, growl and hiss The gurgling sounds when familiar males have met
	Tiger Panthera tigris A young female tiger has tired to walk outdoors and is wanting to enter back to her house Two-years-old tiger female is rubbing by her side on wire mesh and emits quiet rhytmic sounds The same female tiger but already at the age of four years communicates with humans as before, but now with growls A young white tiger is talking with his keeper using various utterances
	Far-East Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis A Call series of a male in rutting period The threatening hisses of a young female toward a human A six-month-old male is separated and is trying to reach to his brother who is sitting in the neighboring enclosure A three-months-old female, raised by humans, is running to a wire mesh to communicate with a visitor, but is emitting the threatening hissing and growling
	Snow leopard Uncia uncia A call series of an adult animal in rutting period The growls and deep breathes; the snow leopard is threatening
	Pallas cat Felis manul The Pallas cat miaowing calls sound unusually low
	Puma Felis concolor The female is calling her cubs
	Lynx Felis lynx The call when threatening a human The male lynx can use articulation and it is sounds as if he chewing his calls
	Serval Felis serval Calls of a male toward an oestral of a female kept in a neighboring enclosure; he is extremely agitated
	Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa The howling of a single animal
	Polar bear Ursus maritimus The calls of an adolescent, separated from a mother for transportation to another zoo
	Otter Lutra lutra The trilling in a presence of a familiar keeper
	Oriental small-clawed otter Aonyx cinerea Calls of a single animal sitting outdoors and calling-over to other otters sitting indoors The loud calls are producing in a group of the otters – the weaned youngs try to suck their mother, but she is rejecting them actively Some otter calls are so high-pitched, that resemble bird chirping The oriental small-clawed otters are very mobile and constantly call-over to each other
	Coati Nasua nasua The high-pitched calls of an adult animal Calls of three animals during allo-grooming
	Sable Martes zibellina The threatening sounds of an adult animal
	Least weasel Mustela nivalis The calls of an animal, captured for moving to another enclosure
	Racoon Procyon lotor The calls during slight conflicts in a group
	Suricate Suricata suricata The calls of an adult agitated animal The calls during the conflict in a group

Mammal sounds (Mammalia)

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MAMMALS SOUND GALLERY

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